neighbor

Who is your neighbor? The setup to the parable of the Good Samaritan in the Gospel According to Luke 10:25–29 (NABRE) presents an interesting linguistic anomaly that arises between the Hebrew Old Testament and the first Greek translation of it, the Septuagint.

Jesus and a scholar of the law are discussing the most important of God’s commandments, which in the Gospel According to Luke 10:27 (NABRE) the scholar cites as: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your being, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself.” This combines passages from two books in the Torah—the book of Deuteronomy 6:4 (NABRE) and the book of Leviticus 19:18 (NABRE). When Jesus confirms the scholar’s answer, the scholar asks a fascinating follow-up question to clarify: “And who is my neighbor?”

The Hebrew word from the book of Leviticus 19:18 (NABRE) translated as neighbor, rea, means “friend,” “companion,” or “associate” from the same root as a verb that means “to associate with.” This meaning of “someone we know” is what we typically think of when we see this passage.

In the Septuagint and in the Gospel According to Luke, however, the word has a different shade of meaning. The Greek word πλησίος (plesios) means “near” or “close to.” The Greek concept of neighbor has a spacial meaning that is absent in the Hebrew.

What we see in the setup to this parable of the Good Samaritan is an underlying linguistic tension. The scholar of the law sees one’s neighbor as an associate. Jesus’ use of the parable drives home the fact that the linguistic shift in meaning also marks a theological shift, so that one’s neighbor can be anyone nearby.

related topics: agape; brothers; philia & agape

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The United Kingdom of Israel: Saul, David & Solomon Foreshadow Christ the King, a 28-lesson Catholic Bible study with an imprimatur, provides an in-depth look at the First and Second Books of Samuel to learn how the lives of the monarchs Saul, David, and Solomon point ahead to the kingdom of heaven. The unified reign of King David is seen as a foreshadowing or type of the unity that is one of the four marks of the Church—the kingdom of God—established by Jesus Christ. Click here to view a sample of the first lesson.

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